The most common type of surgery to treat hydrocephalus is the creation of a shunt from the ventricles to the peritoneal cavity (VP). Other causes of hydrocephalus in infants and children include trauma, infection, tumors, intracranial hemorrhage, vascular malformations, congenital abnormalities (e.g., aqueduct stenosis), Chiari II malformation, and myelomeningocele.Īdults may present with hydrocephalus secondary to normal pressure hydrocephalus, infection, subarachnoid hemorrhage, tumors, or trauma. In contrast, ventriculitis is the primary cause of hydrocephalus in underdeveloped regions such as sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, intraventricular hemorrhage of prematurity is among the leading causes of hydrocephalus. In infants, intracranial hemorrhage and infection are two of the most likely causes of hydrocephalus.
Prior to the procedure, the anesthesiologist should establish the etiology of hydrocephalus and whether there is associated increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Hydrocephalus may present in any age group with a wide variety of symptoms.
Causes of hydrocephalus include impaired elimination of cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), and less commonly, an increased production of CSF. Hydrocephalus is an abnormal enlargement of the cerebral ventricles. What the Anesthesiologist Should Know before the Operative Procedure
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